Automobile
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Airbags and belt tensioners Security-coded ECUs
Introduction A seat belt, seat belt tensioner, and an airbag are, at present, the most effective restraint system in the…
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Interference suppression Digital audio broadcast
The process of interference suppression on a vehicle is aimed at reducing the amount of unwanted noise produced from the…
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Comfort and safety Seats, mirrors and sun-roofs
Introduction The electrical movement of seats, mirrors, and the sunroof are included in one chapter as the operation of each…
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Twenty-five years of the Bosch ABS
A core component of driving safety for motor vehicles has celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary: the ABS anti-lock braking system. It…
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Automatic transmission Braking effect
Introduction The main aim of electronically controlled automatic transmission (ECAT) is to improve conventional automatic transmission in the following ways.…
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Active suspension control strategy
Introduction Active suspension, like many other innovations, was developed in the Grand Prix world. It is now slowly becoming more…
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Chassis electrical systems Anti-lock brakes
Introduction The reason for the development of anti-lock brakes (ABS) is very simple. Under braking conditions, if one or more…
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Air conditioning overview Other heating systems
The operation of the system is a continuous cycle. The compressor pumps low pressure but heat-laden vapor from the evaporator…
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Air conditioning Conventional heating and ventilation
Introduction The earliest electrical heating I have come across was a pair of gloves with heating elements woven into the…
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New developments in instrumentation systems
Global positioning system (GPS) From 1974 to 1979 a trial using six satellites allowed navigation in North America for just…
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